For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Retrospective analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia 12271 int j clin exp med 2017. S maltophilia is not an inherently virulent pathogen, but its ability to colonise respiratorytract epithelial cells and surfaces of. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Antibiotics resistance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen earlier noted in broadspectrum life threatening infections among the vulnerable, but more recently as a pathogen in immunocompetent individuals. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. We found a high rate of clinical success using minocycline for treatment of invasive infections caused by s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a lifethreatening nosocomial pathogen with profound multidrugresistant attributes.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative opportunistic bacterium that may cause a myriad of clinical diseases in immunocompromised individuals. In a hospital setting, they are able to survive and multiply in fluids such as mucus of the respiratory system, urine, intravenous iv fluids, and irrigation fluids used to clean wounds or body cavities such as the. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. The time to return to baseline respiratory status was 5 days 010 median range days in the treated group and 4 days 019 p 0. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole sxt. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in intensive care unit icu patients has been.
This bacterium is found in various environments such as. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has. Transposon mutagenesis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia oak ridge strain 02 team members. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia a lowgrade pathogen. During 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 24% of 104 cystic fibrosis patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that has been isolated from multiple environmental sources apsiarnthanarak et al.
For susceptible strains, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole is recommended as the primary antimicrobial therapy. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a common coloniser of the respiratory tract of patients with chronic lung disease, and, in the absence of pneumonia or bacteraemia, is often ignored by physicians at the royal perth hospital perth, australia. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Retrospective analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. Stenotrophomonas bacteremia antibiotic susceptibility and. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. Treatment of patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections categorized by presence or absence of mechanical ventilation. In a number of cases, the prescription of prolong antibiotic therapy. Monotherapy with fluoroquinolone or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole for treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections yu lin wang, marco r. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.
All four had infections with other organisms during their treatment course. Surveillance on european icus showed that 4% of 1409 bronchial lavage specimens grew s. Transposon mutagenesis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Our study aims to investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics, risk factors, drug resistance and treatment choice of steno.
Hilmar wisplinghoff, harald seifert, in infectious diseases third edition, 2010. Although generally regarded as an organism of low virulence, s. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Ribotyping and pulsefield gel electrophoresis pfge characterizati. Organisms with a minocycline mic of 4 mgl were associated with failure, but many confounders were present in these patients making the implications. Frontiers stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging. Pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s. The clinical and laboratory standards institute provides guidelines for the. The clinical symptoms were mild, and treatment with minocycline was effective. Pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that was transferred from the genus pseudomonas via the xanthomonas group to the newly defined genus stenotrophomonas.
Risk factors for mortality among patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in tokyo, japan, 19962009. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with s. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was recovered from 15 cases of ocular infection, at a rate of one in every 39 ocular specimens in the 1970s, one in 4 in the 1980s, and one in 363 in the 1990s. Treatment outcomes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patient characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment outcome. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a general. Stenotrophomona maltophilia, una bacteria multirresistente.
It is a freeliving organism present in most aquatic and humid environments. In about three fourths of the cases, the treatment was successful, while less than 20% of the. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality 1, 4. The bacteria are consistently being implicated in necrotizing otitis, cutaneous infections including soft tissue infection and keratitis, endocarditis, meningitis, acute. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. However, because of concern regarding adverse events related to tmpsmx, levofloxacin has also been used for treating. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the nine most common organisms from respiratory specimens of intensive care unit icu patients in europe. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant organism that is typically hospitalacquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality 1, 2. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, biofilmforming bacterium. Idsa guidelines recommend removal of infected device plus. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader.
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmpsmx is recommended as the treatment of choice for s. Sensitivity was described the antimicrobial, reported in the final result of. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a resistant pathogen that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, respiratory system, central nervous system and urinary tract infections in patients with risk factors like malignancy or neutropenia, use of broadspectrum antibiotics like carbapenem or. For information about the attributable mortality of. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen 14, particularly among hospitalized patients. Introduction stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus, previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and later as xanthomonas maltophilia 14. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a general hospital. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be cultured on a variety of laboratory media. We describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia xanthomonas maltophilia strain in a patient with bronchiectasis.
We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, mortality, and treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrugresistant global. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in the debilitated host. Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia a lowgrade pathogen with numerous virulence factors article pdf available in infectious diseases 5.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients. Outbreak of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on an intensive. Significance of positive stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Organization and format errata, author corrections illustrations and tables. Can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, ubiquitous and aerobic gramnegative opportunistic organism that had been seldomreported as a cause of ocular infection in the past. Clinical outcomes using minocycline for stenotrophomonas. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, causing. Management of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is inherently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents that are used to treat gramnegative infections, such as cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides.
In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s. What is the treatment for infection by the bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Hilmar wisplinghoff, in infectious diseases fourth edition, 2017.
It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream infections, respiratory infections, urinary infections and surgicalsite infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections of intact skin. Haley gianfrancesco, hanna gilligan, gabriella hosack advisor. It was later classified within the genus pseudomonas, then xanthomonas, and then finally stenotrophomonas in 1993. How are stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections treated. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia occupied the 12th place among the most frequently isolated microorganisms in hermanos ameijeiras hospital during 2006. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012.
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